Assessment of Release of Calcium Ions from Apical Plugs of Different Bioceramic Sealers in Regenerative Endodontics for Immature Permanent Teeth

Aim: This study was done to assess the release of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) from apical plugs of three different bioceramic cements in models of immature permanent teeth.Materials and methods: A total of 36 samples of single-rooted mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were divided into three groups with 12 samples in each, as follows: Group I-Biodentine, group II-Dia-Root Bio MTA, and group III-Bio-C Repair.Each sample was designed to mimic teeth that were still in the developmental stage and had open apices.A 4-mm apical stopper was positioned at the exposed apical region of all teeth.Each test material was placed in the apical portion of each tooth.Calcium ion release was calculated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days.The data were statistically evaluated.Result: Intragroup comparison indicated the increase in the release of calcium ions from the 7th to the 30th day in all three groups.All groups showed the peak Ca 2+ release levels up to the 30th day.The calcium ion release from Dia-Root Bio MTA was the highest.Conclusion: Biodentine and Dia-Root Bio MTA exhibited the greatest release of calcium ions.On intergroup comparison, on days 7, 15, and 30, the release of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) was greatest in group I (Biodentine), followed by group II (Dia-Root Bio MTA) and group III (Bio-C Repair) exhibiting the lowest levels.Clinical significance: Management of immature permanent teeth with open apices is challenging.Various regenerative materials have been tried to help in development of root-end portion.Biodentine and Dia-Root Bio MTA help in the release of calcium ions, which can be used to treat immature permanent teeth in regenerative endodontics.