Why Existing Global Trade Corridors Fail Under Polycrisis Conditions: A Historical-Comparative Systems Analysis (1990–2025)

Abstract / Description (EN): This study examines why existing global trade corridors repeatedly fail under polycrisis conditions, despite large-scale investments in ports, railways, and logistics infrastructure. Using a historical-comparative systems analysis covering the period 1990–2025, the paper demonstrates that infrastructure projects implemented in isolation—without systemic integration across maritime, land, institutional, and geopolitical layers—produce structural fragility rather than resilience. The study argues that corridor failure is not primarily due to capacity constraints, but to governance fragmentation, geopolitical shocks, and the absence of integrated multimodal design logic. The paper concludes by outlining design principles for resilient trade corridors capable of operating under persistent polycrisis conditions.