Heterotopic Ossification and Secondary Craniofacial Deformity Following Alveolar Cleft Repair With Costal Cartilage Graft

Heterotopic ossification should be considered as a potential long-term complication of costal cartilage grafting in alveolar cleft reconstruction. A digitally guided, integrated approach combining graft reimplantation with dynamic soft tissue repair offers an effective strategy for managing such complex secondary deformities, emphasizing the role of biomechanical stability in achieving sustainable outcomes.