Diverse Properties of Electron Forbush Decreases Revealed by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer
The Forbush decrease of cosmic rays is an important probe of the interplanetary environment disturbed by solar activities. In this Letter, we study the properties of eight Forbush decreases' electrons (including positrons) between 2 and 20 GeV from January 2016 to March 2024 with the Dark Matter Particle Explorer. The maximum decrease amplitudes of these events are about 30%-15%, and the amplitudes reduce with energy. The recovery time of these events shows diverse behaviors of their energy dependence. Some of them show strong energy dependence, while some have a nearly constant recovery time. It has been shown that such diverse behaviors could be related to the geometry of the regions of the interplanetary space disturbed by coronal mass ejections, which can be characterized by the combined effect of the coronal mass ejection velocity, angular spread, and ejection direction.
Authors
- Giacinto Donvito (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-1080)
- Pierpaolo Savina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-554X)
- Enzo Putti-Garcia
- A. Parenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6132-5680)
- C. Perrina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-8109)
- F. Loparco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-5673)
- A. Surdo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-589X)
- M. Stolpovskiy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-8015)
- Henri Boutin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-6453)
- Leandro Silveri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-714X)
- A. Tykhonov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-7915)
- Z. Shangguan
- Paul Coppin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-1280)
- P. Azzarello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-5738)
- Dimitrios Kyratzis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-271X)
- F. Gargano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5055-6395)
- I. De Mitri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-1730)
- Francesco Alemanno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1065-2590)
- Irene Cagnoli
- Rui Qiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-0298)
- Arshia Ruina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-6580)
- Essna Ghose
- P. Bernardini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6530-3227)
- Xi Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-6042)
- Xue-Feng Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-1263)
- Francesco Palma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-8830)
- Ke Gong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2030-4637)
- Meng Su
- A. Di Giovanni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8462-4894)
- Z. Xiong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-2617)
- Xue Y
- R. Sarkar
- G. Marsella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-8874)
- Andrii Kotenko
- Elisabetta Casilli
- J. Z. Wang
- H. B. Yang
- J. Xu
- Z. X. Chen
- G. S. Huang
- Y. Rong
- J. H. Guo
- Yan Zhang
- M. Y. Yan
- J. Wu
- S. J. Lei
- J. Chang
- J. J. Wei
- S. X. Han
- J. L. Chen
- H. J. Yao
- L. Y. Jiang
- H. Su
- Z. Z. Xu
- Y. M. Liang
- D. Y. Guo
- D. Mo
- L. Feng
- F. Fang
- J. Kong
- G. F. Xue
- W. X. Peng
- S. S. Wu
- B. Li
- W. Jiang
- X. J. Bi
- T. Ma
- M. Gao
- Yi Zhang
- T. S. Cui
- C. Y. Zhou
- M. Ionica
- X. J. Teng
- F. C. T. Barbato
- X. Y. Peng
- D. Y. Chen
- L. G. Wang
- M. Y. Cui
- D. Wu
- K. Fang
- P. X. Ma
- Y. Y. Huang
- X. Y. Huang
- X. F. Zhao
- Y. H. Yu
- Z. Y. Sun
- Z. Y. Zhang
- P. Fusco
- Z. Q. Xia
- J. X. Song
- S. Fogliacco
- W. Z. Zhang
- X. Zhu
- Y. Z. Jiang
- Q. An
- K. K. Duan
- Y. Z. Gong
- H. Y. Zhao
- S. X. Zhang
- Z. T. Shen
- H. R. Sun
- C. Q. Feng
- Y. F. Wang
- H. Liu
- J. M. Frieden
- M. N. Mazziotta
- J. N. Rao
- W. H. Shen
- Y. Q. Yang
- P. Yang
- Y. Liu
- Y. Zhu
- Y. M. Hu
- M. Ma
- C. Zhao
- S. B. Liu
- Q. Yuan
- M. S. Cai
- Y. F. Wei
- T. K. Dong
- Y. Z. Fan
- J. J. Zang
- D. M. Wei
- G. F. Wang
- H. T. Xu
- J. Liu
- X. L. Wang
- Y. P. Zhang
- C. M. Liu
- X. Y. Niu
- X. Q. Li
- R. R. Fan
- C. Yue
- W. L. Li
- E. H. Xu
- Y. Nie
- J. L. Duan
- S. Wang
- Z. X. Dong
Institutions
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- University of Salento (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (IT)
- Politecnico di Torino (IT)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (IT)
- Purple Mountain Observatory (CN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (IT)
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (IT)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology
- Polytechnic University of Bari (IT)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical Review Letters
- Published
- 2026-02-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/6dyq-9v81
- Primary Topic
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00