Test–retest reliability of kicking performance assessments over a 2-day interval in elite youth soccer players

Results indicated good reliability for maximum ball speed (ICC = 0.87; LoA = [-2.1, 2.5] m/s), consistent with previous studies. Conversely, kicking accuracy demonstrated poor to moderate reliability (ICC = 0.00-0.66; LoA = [-0.46, 0.48] m). Stratified analyses revealed the highest accuracy ICC within the U15 group. Exploratory error ellipse analyses suggested potential utility in assessing kicking distribution, showing good reliability for ellipse angle (ICC = 0.80; LoA = [-0.98, 0.92] rad), though other parameters displayed low reliability. These findings highlight the strengths and limitations of soccer technical assessments. While maximum ball speed tests are highly reliable, kicking accuracy assessments remain problematic and require methodological refinement to improve reliability. Future research should incorporate advanced analytical techniques to enhance test reliability and consistency in elite athlete evaluations.