Polyconvex double well functions
Abstract We investigate polyconvexity of the double well function $$f(X):= |X-X_1|^2|X-X_2|^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for given matrices $$X_1, X_2 \in \mathbb {R}^{n \times n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Such functions are fundamental in the modeling of phase transitions in materials, but their non-convex nature presents challenges for the analysis of variational problems. Polyconvexity of f is related to the singular values of the matrix difference $$X_1 - X_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We prove that f is polyconvex if and only if the square of the largest singular value does not exceed the sum of the squares of the other singular values. This condition allows the function to be decomposed into the sum of a strictly convex part and a null Lagrangean. As a direct application of this result, we prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for the corresponding Dirichlet minimization problem of the integral functional.
Institutions
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (FR)
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes (FR)
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation (CZ)
- Czech Technical University in Prague (CZ)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations
- Published
- 2026-02-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-026-03262-z
- Primary Topic
- Mathematical Inequalities and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- European Commission