Can the Equivalence of Energy and Spacetime Explain Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Gravity and Time on a Cause-and-Effect Basis?

A new theory provides cause-and-effect explanations for dark energy, dark matter, universal gravity and the nature of time, based upon two simple justified propositions. Firstly, that spacetime being created from energy in the big bang, following the law of conservation of energy and demonstrated mathematical equivalences, is fundamentally energy. Secondly that the Einstein’s equivalence of mass and energy, can therefore be applied to Newton’s laws of motion, in relation to spacetime itself. In an expanding universe, this unconventional approach creates a force in proportion to spacetime energy momentum change, predicting universal gravity. Reciprocal forces created explain why mass bends proximate spacetime, potentially reconciling Newton’s and Einstein’s models of gravity. A consequential modification to the big bang, requires that inflation also creates simultaneous exponential uniform compression and therefore time dilation, in accordance with general relativity. Resultant continuous ongoing time dilated release and expansion of infinite spatial energy ‘moments’, along the temporal plane, creates the 4th dimension of Minkowski’s spacetime, aligning this theory with the mathematical framework describing general relativity. Time Dilated Spacetime Energy Release or TDSER has a perfect fit with dark energy and how we experience time, including special and general relativity. Unreleased spacetime compressed invisibly along the temporal plane is an excellent candidate for dark matter. This approach explains relativistic mass on a cause-and-effect basis and why nucleons have a greater mass than the sum of their parts. Consistent conjecture is presented on the first moment of creation; a big bang starting from nothing, creating familiar dimensions, all necessarily at 90 degrees. A contender for a single unifying force follows and is shown to match and indeed create equations describing Newton’s second law, the law of gravity and Plank’s force. Fundamental cause-and-effect mechanisms for quantum inertia, quantum gravity, force-carrying virtual particles and wave particle duality are presented. Proof is challenging and limited for such extensive claims, as TDSER does not modify the behaviour of spacetime, rather it is shown to align with and create existing frameworks. Hence this article, in attempting to describe an overall picture, falls between theoretical physics and science philosophy. It is a call to action to develop these ideas further; the potential, a consistent cause-and-effect basis for physics at all scales.