Research Progress on the Interaction Mechanism Between Morchella and Mycoparasitic Fungi Causing Diseases and Their Biological Control: A Review

<i>Morchella</i> is a highly valued edible and medicinal fungus with significant nutritional and economic value. In recent years, with the development of artificial cultivation techniques, the planting area of <i>Morchella</i> has been expanding continuously, while the incidence of fungal diseases has also increased sharply, seriously affecting its yield and quality and further restricting the development of the <i>Morchella</i> industry. To date, ten fungal diseases of <i>Morchella</i> have been reported, mainly including white mold, cobweb disease, pileus rot and fungal rot. The mycoparasitic fungi responsible for these diseases can infect <i>Morchella</i> by secreting proteins and secondary metabolites, while <i>Morchella</i> responds to fungal disease stress through genetic and metabolic regulation. Currently, biological control strategies for <i>Morchella</i> fungal diseases primarily rely on antagonistic microorganisms and natural products. This review summarizes the research progress on major fungal diseases of <i>Morchella</i>, including their causal fungi, pathogenic factors and infection mechanisms, host response mechanisms, and biological control. It also identifies existing research gaps and prospects for future research directions.