Comparative Evaluation of Laser Irradiation as an Adjunctive Treatment Following Surgical Periodontal Flap Procedure for Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review

Review aRticleThe primary objective of periodontal surgery, therefore, is to establish accessibility for professional scaling and root planing (SRP) and to create gingival morphology conducive to effective plaque control.However, the incomplete removal of tissue invasive microorganisms, epithelial lining, and diseased granulation tissue from the soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket might hinder the attachment of gingival connective tissue to the root surface. 9These factors contribute to potential recolonization and reinfection sources. IntroductIonChronic periodontitis is a widespread, long-lasting inflammatory disease affecting the soft and hard tissues around the teeth. 1,2As per the report of the World Health Organization, it has a global prevalence of 10-15% of the population suffering from severe periodontitis. 3 This infectious bacterial disease is characterized by loss of gingival attachment to the tooth, deepening of the gingival crevice designated as "periodontal pocket," degradation of the periodontal ligament, and loss of alveolar bone, ultimately leading to loss of teeth if left untreated. 4,5he etiology of the disease is multifaceted, encompassing factors such as pathogenic microflora to various other systemic factors and host immune responses, resulting in direct or host-mediated tissue injury. 6,7The destructive process is linked with the occurrence of subgingival microbial communities and a dense immunoinflammatory infiltrate in the periodontium.Therefore, the fundamental approach to modify or manage the disease involves eliminating or modifying the causative factors.This includes mechanical or nonsurgical, surgical periodontal therapy, and pharmacotherapy.Mechanical or nonsurgical therapy solely can result in longlasting success for most patients; however, it is associated with certain limitations, such as in accessing deep and tortuous pockets, furcations, and vertical defects.