Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics for Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review

Prebiotic, probiotic, and postbiotic therapies appear to be safe and associated with clinically meaningful lesion reductions in acne. They may increase tolerability and add additional efficacy to standard acne treatments including topical and oral antibiotics and retinoids. Probiotics currently have the strongest evidence base, while prebiotics and postbiotics are promising adjuncts. Larger, standardized randomized trials are needed to clarify comparative efficacy, optimal formulations, and durability.