Brown Tumor in a Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Complications

The development of a brown tumor is a rare complication of secondary hyperparathyroidism, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite advances in the treatment and management of secondary hyperparathyroidism, these tumors can still occur. We report the case of a 29-year-old man with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis, who developed a brown tumor in the ribs. Despite medical treatment including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and multiple parathyroidectomies, imaging revealed an expansive and sclerotic costal lesion, confirmed as a brown tumor. Diagnosis is based on clinical, biological, and radiological evaluations. Treatments aim to reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and correct metabolic abnormalities, with parathyroidectomy as an option in cases of medical treatment failure.