Impact of visual attention training on visual control and 3-point field goal percentage in semi-professional basketball players

In the contemporary landscape of basketball, characterized by an escalating tempo and heightened defensive intensity, the 3-point shot has emerged as a pivotal weapon for teams striving to secure victory. Consequently, enhancing the 3-point field goal percentage has become an utmost concern for coaches and players alike. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of visual attention training on the visual attention characteristics and field goal percentage among semi-professional basketball players, thus establishing a scientific basis for basketball instruction and training. Twenty participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group based on their baseline 3-point field goal percentage (3PFGP) to ensure homogeneity between groups. The experimental group received an 8-week visual attention training protocol, whereas the control group adhered to routine training. A portable eye-tracking device was employed to collect eye movement metrics (e.g., number of fixations and durations) for both groups, with 3PFGP recorded pre-test, mid-test, and post-test. Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted <i>post hoc</i> tests. Post-training analyses revealed significant differences in visual attention patterns and performance outcomes. Specifically, the experimental group exhibited reduced number of fixations on the hoop (Δ = -1.0), backboard (Δ = -1.2), and net (Δ = -0.8), alongside a prolonged fixation duration on the hoop (+115 ms, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and shortened durations on the backboard (-101 ms) and net (-202 ms, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Concurrently, a 5.0% improvement in 3PFGP was observed in the experimental group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), accompanied by a statistically significant redistribution of fixations across area of interest. These findings suggest that 8 weeks of visual attention training can enhance visual control ability during 3-point shooting, thereby improving shooting accuracy.