Hybrid Evaluation of Water Distribution System Using Epanet and Statistical Indices

Efficient management of water distribution systems is essential to ensure reliable and sustainable water supply. This study focuses on the performance evaluation and reliability assessment of a water distribution system using a combination of Epanet, Mean Bias Error (MBE), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). The main objective is to evaluate the system's hydraulic performance in terms of pressure and flow distribution, and to assess its reliability under varying demand conditions. The methodology involved developing a detailed hydraulic model in EPANET using actual network data such as pipe diameters, lengths, nodal elevations, and water demands. Field measurements of pressure and flow were collected for calibration and validation of the simulated results. Statistical techniques—MBE and NSE—were applied to quantify the model's accuracy and pipes. Statistical validation techniques, including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Scatter Index - were used to evaluate the model's accuracy and reliability. Results indicate a strong agreement between simulated and observed values, confirming the model's adequacy for system analysis and decision-making. The calibrated EPS model enables the identification of low-pressure zones, high headloss areas, and potential operational inefficiencies under varying demand conditions. This research demonstrates that WaterGEMS is an effective tool for improving network performance assessment, aiding in the optimization of water distribution system planning, operation, and management to ensure sustainable and reliable water supply. Results revealed that the simulated pressures and flows closely matched the observed data, with low MBE values and NSE coefficients approaching unity, indicating a high level of model reliability. Conclusively, the integrated approach proved effective in evaluating system performance and identifying potential problem areas. It is recommended that the calibrated Epanet model be used for future planning, operational optimization, and maintenance strategies to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of the water distribution system.