Assessment of sleep quality and associated factors in adult patients admitted in intensive care unit at Bahir Dar city comprehensive specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: a multi-center cross-sectional study

Sleep has basic physiologic function and mental health stability that encourage healing process progressively in severely illness patients. Sleep disorder is a common problem in patients admitted to intensive care unit. The cause of sleep disturbance includes ignorance by clinical staffs, clinical and environmental factors. Sleep disturbances affect negatively the recovery of patients from critical illness. However, the problem remains unexplored in the study area. To assess sleep quality and associated factors among adult patients admitted to intensive care unit at Bahir Dar city comprehensive specialized hospitals, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1, 2024 to October 30, 2024. Convenient sampling method was used to select patients who were admitted to intensive care unit. Data were collected using questionnaire developed based on modified freedman questionnaire from the patients during the recovery phase. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 26. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Majority of patients (65.7%) had poor sleep quality (95% CI = 63.31–69.01). Previous ICU admission (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.932- 23.103), worrying (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 0.298- 0.926), length of stay in ICU (AOR = 1.87, 95%CI = 0.361- 0.875), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 3.8, 95%CI = 0.035–0.864), co-morbidity (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI = 0.617–87.102), first night in the ICU (AOR = 2.5,95%CI = 0.625- 6.371), day time sleepiness (AOR = 3.2, 95%CI = 2.924, 23.190)and marital status (AOR = 1.6, 95%CI = 0.342–0.675) had positive association with poor quality of sleep. Additionally, environmental factors like noise, pain, light and doctors/nurses activities were correlated with poor sleep quality in intensive care unit. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was high in intensive care unit. We recommend reducing anxiety through psychological support, managing pain and minimize noise by adjusting monitorings and ventilator alarms. Additionally, training should be provided for ICU staff to reduce sleep disturbance factors. Moreover, eye shields and ear plugs should be given for patients to minimize environmental noise.