A COMPREHENSIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GARBHA SHARIR IN AYURVEDA AND MODERN EMBRYOLOGY

Background: Garbha Sharir is a fundamental branch of Ayurveda that elaborates on the origin, growth, and development of the human embryo, integrating physical, psychological, and metaphysical aspects. Modern embryology, based on experimental and clinical sciences, explains human development through cellular, genetic, and molecular mechanisms. Aim: To conduct an in-depth comparative analysis of the concepts of Garbha Sharir described in Ayurvedic classics with the principles of modern embryology. Materials and Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and Kashyapa Samhita were critically reviewed. Modern embryological concepts were studied from standard medical textbooks. Comparative, descriptive, and analytical methods were employed. Results: Despite differences in language and methodology, significant conceptual parallels were observed between Ayurvedic and modern descriptions of fertilization, embryonic stages, organogenesis, and maternal influence. Conclusion: Garbha Sharir represents a holistic embryological framework, while modern embryology offers precise anatomical and molecular explanations. Integration of both perspectives provides a comprehensive understanding of human development.