Bilingualism’s protective effects in Alzheimer’s disease: Mechanisms of resilience and resistance
The protective effects of bilingual experience may engage both resilience and resistance to AD pathophysiology mechanisms. These results underscore the importance of capturing bilingualism in aging cohorts and the study of how lifestyle and sociocultural factors shape the biological expression of neurodegenerative disease.
Authors
- Marco Calabria
- Eider M. Arenaza‐Urquijo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-7576)
- Stephanie M. Grasso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-3012)
- Isabel Barroeta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2764-7923)
- Nuole Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0015-9455)
- Olivia Belbin
- Wenfu Bao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-9670)
- Javier Arranz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-1215)
- Juan M. Fortea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1340-638X)
- Isabel Sala
- Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Miguel Angel Santos-Santos
- Sara Rubio-Guerra
- Judit Selma-González
- Ignacio Illán-Gala
- ĺñigo Rodríguez-Baz
- Alberto Lleó
- M. Belén Sánchez-Saudinés
Institutions
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (ES)
- Hospital de Sant Pau (ES)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (ES)
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ES)
- Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- medRxiv
- Published
- 2026-02-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.02.13.26345903
- Primary Topic
- Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Alzheimer's Association
- Global Brain Health Institute
- Alzheimer Society
- European Commission
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- National Institutes of Health
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- European Regional Development Fund
- National Institute on Aging