Evaluation, staging and prognosis of congestive hepatopathy in patients with non-congenital advanced heart failure

The conventional modalities to assess the severity of primary liver disease are mostly inaccurate in congestive hepatopathy Liver biopsy and HVPG measurement seen to be the most accurate methods to evaluate advanced liver disease in the context of congestive hepatopathy A multi-disciplinary approach with a focus on individualized patient care should be pursued when evaluating these patients for isolated vs combined transplantation Future research should focus on refining diagnostic and prognostic tools and standardizing guidelines for this patient population