Behaviour of Steel Ropes in Multi-Sheave Systems of Tower Crane Hositing Mechanisms

Abstract This article discusses issues related to tower cranes, a group of lifting machines used in the construction industry. Vertical transport on a building site is of paramount importance, accounting for approximately 50% of all construction works. Currently, the tower crane is one of the most efficient lifting machines used in construction. It occupies minimal space on the construction site and allows for the fastest possible delivery of materials directly from the storage area to work stations, regardless of the route. This article focuses on the issues related to these devices, limiting the scope to the analysis of the rope system. The use of steel ropes in the hoisting mechanism is crucial for the reliable operation of tower cranes. The basic technical data and construction of a selected crane model chosen for the study are presented. The properties and characteristics of steel ropes used in such systems, as well as criteria for their retirement, are discussed. Subsequently, a method for modelling the rope system and simulating its operation is introduced. The use of computational tools to model the rope bending process in the hoisting mechanism allows for identifying critical points along the rope under specific operating conditions. Selected simulation results are presented in the form of tables and graphs, highlighting the areas most susceptible to wear in this type of rope mechanisms. The article concludes with practical recommendations that may enhance interest in the described method. According to the authors, the method is innovative and promising. Its application can contribute to extending the service life of ropes, facilitating procedures for monitoring their condition, and improving the safety of their use.