The Role of B Cells and Antibodies in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil infiltration in the esophageal mucosa. Although the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, it is thought to involve a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and an immune-mediated response. Recent studies have highlighted the potential involvement of B cells, plasma cells, and antibodies in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of EoE, focusing on the emerging role of B cells and antibodies. It discusses clinical and experimental evidence regarding B cell responses, cytokine production, and antibody isotype distribution, linking these findings to the recruitment of eosinophils and the breakdown of esophageal mucosal integrity. Additionally, the review examines experimental models and clinical studies that underscore the complexity of B-cell involvement in EoE. By understanding these mechanisms, future research can refine diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies to improve EoE management.