ICESag08: A new composite integrative and conjugative element from Streptococcus agalactiae mediating resistance to chloramphenicol and macrolides

These results highlight the role of composite ICEs in the horizontal transfer of multidrug resistance, including to chloramphenicol (catQ) and macrolides [mef(I), erm(TR)], and reveal an intricate interplay between different ICEs. These insights advance our understanding of how resistance disseminates and evolves and support the development of effective strategies to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance.