Conditional generative diffusion model for 3D trabecular bone synthesis with tunable microstructure

The proposed generative model is capable of generating realistic digital trabecular bone patches. The application of latent space diffusion using a dedicated VAE augmented with the shifting-slab mechanism effectively overcomes computer memory constraints to enable the synthesis of 3D volumes. The conditioning mechanism is effective in guiding the synthesis toward desired microstructural characteristics. Possible applications include virtual clinical trials of new skeletal image biomarkers and establishing priors for advanced image reconstruction.