Biorefined grass-clover protein and grass-based roughage improve n-6/n-3 ratio in organic pork without decreasing storage stability or sensory characteristics

• Replacing soybean cake with grass-clover protein reduces pork n-6/n-3 ratio. • Lower pork α-tocopherol signals oxidative stress in grass-clover protein-fed pigs. • Meat sensory profile stable with grass-clover protein, despite higher TBARS. • Storage negatively impacts meat sensory characteristics, independent of diet. • Pork shelf life is not affected by the inclusion of grass-clover protein. Biorefined grass-clover protein, together with fresh grass allocation, offers a promising alternative to soybean cake and silage in organic pig diets. The fatty acid profile of grass-derived feedstuffs may, however, influence meat quality. This study evaluated effects of grass-clover protein and roughages on pork quality and storage stability in organic growing-finishing pigs. Seventy-five pigs were assigned to 5 diets (5 pigs per pen, 3 pens per diet) comprising compound feed with either soybean cake or grass-clover protein plus a grass-clover roughage: 1) soybean cake + fresh grass-clover, 2) soybean cake + grass-clover silage, 3) grass-clover protein + fresh grass-clover, 4) grass-clover protein + grass-clover silage, or 5) grass-clover protein (10 % reduced lysine) + fresh grass-clover. Meat quality traits, sensory characteristics, fatty acids, and antioxidants were assessed in loin and fat (n = 71) after 1 and 6 mo of frozen storage. Biorefined grass-clover protein increased alpha-linolenic acid in loin and fat, reducing n-6/n-3 ratios ( P < 0.001). Alpha-tocopherol contents were generally lower in grass-clover protein-fed pigs ( P < 0.01) indicating oxidative stress during growth, though only minor differences in meat quality and sensory traits were observed primarily related to colour ( P < 0.05). Fresh grass-clover allocation reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio in soybean cake-fed pigs ( P < 0.05). Frozen storage increased pork oxidation ( P = 0.001) and altered sensory characteristics for all diets. In conclusion, biorefined grass-clover protein can be included in organic pig diets without compromising meat quality or storage stability, while reducing the pork n-6/n-3 ratio.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Livestock Science
Published
2026-02-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2026.105920
Primary Topic
Meat and Animal Product Quality
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Biorefined grass-clover protein and grass-based roughage improve n-6/n-3 ratio in organic pork without decreasing storage stability or sensory characteristics

Margrethe Therkildsen, Maria Eskildsen, S.K. Jensen, L. Stødkilde
Livestock Science
Meat and Animal Product Quality
article

Biorefined grass-clover protein and grass-based roughage improve n-6/n-3 ratio in organic pork without decreasing storage stability or sensory characteristics

Margrethe Therkildsen, Maria Eskildsen, S.K. Jensen, L. Stødkilde
article en

Abstract

• Replacing soybean cake with grass-clover protein reduces pork n-6/n-3 ratio. • Lower pork α-tocopherol signals oxidative stress in grass-clover protein-fed pigs. • Meat sensory profile stable with grass-clover protein, despite higher TBARS. • Storage negatively impacts meat sensory characteristics, independent of diet. • Pork shelf life is not affected by the inclusion of grass-clover protein. Biorefined grass-clover protein, together with fresh grass allocation, offers a promising alternative to soybean cake and silage in organic pig diets. The fatty acid profile of grass-derived feedstuffs may, however, influence meat quality. This study evaluated effects of grass-clover protein and roughages on pork quality and storage stability in organic growing-finishing pigs. Seventy-five pigs were assigned to 5 diets (5 pigs per pen, 3 pens per diet) comprising compound feed with either soybean cake or grass-clover protein plus a grass-clover roughage: 1) soybean cake + fresh grass-clover, 2) soybean cake + grass-clover silage, 3) grass-clover protein + fresh grass-clover, 4) grass-clover protein + grass-clover silage, or 5) grass-clover protein (10 % reduced lysine) + fresh grass-clover. Meat quality traits, sensory characteristics, fatty acids, and antioxidants were assessed in loin and fat (n = 71) after 1 and 6 mo of frozen storage. Biorefined grass-clover protein increased alpha-linolenic acid in loin and fat, reducing n-6/n-3 ratios ( P < 0.001). Alpha-tocopherol contents were generally lower in grass-clover protein-fed pigs ( P < 0.01) indicating oxidative stress during growth, though only minor differences in meat quality and sensory traits were observed primarily related to colour ( P < 0.05). Fresh grass-clover allocation reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio in soybean cake-fed pigs ( P < 0.05). Frozen storage increased pork oxidation ( P = 0.001) and altered sensory characteristics for all diets. In conclusion, biorefined grass-clover protein can be included in organic pig diets without compromising meat quality or storage stability, while reducing the pork n-6/n-3 ratio.

Livestock ScienceVol. 306
Aarhus University (DK), Danish Cattle Research Centre (DK)
Openalex Percentile: Top 49%
Meat and Animal Product Quality
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.