Cognition beyond relapses: cognitive progression independent of relapse activity reflects early smoldering neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis
Cognitive PIRA accounted for most long-term cognitive decline in RRMS. In a predictive machine-learning framework, early measures of brain atrophy contributed most to the identification of individuals who later developed cognitive PIRA. These findings suggest that cognitive PIRA reflects MS silent disease activity and smoldering processes.
Authors
- Agnese Tamanti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-4348)
- Ralph H. B. Benedict (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2080-3631)
- Stefano Ziccardi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-7223)
- Tom A. Fuchs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-3518)
- Valentina Camera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-9000)
- Teresa Maltempo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-5850)
- Gian Marco Schiavi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4851-6458)
- Maddalena Guandalini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-9253)
- Albulena Bajrami
- Damiano Marastoni
- Massimiliano Calabrese
- Francesco Guarnaccia
- Luigi Martinelli
Institutions
- University of Verona (IT)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Casa di Cura Villa Garda (IT)
- Provincia Autonoma di Trento (IT)
- Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (IT)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
- Published
- 2026-02-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2026.107080
- Primary Topic
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00