Modeling person guessing as a random effect: a Bayesian approach of the two-parameter logistic model

Through reallocating guessing variance from items to persons the 2PLE random-effects model can better capture diversified response patterns, and obtain a better psychometric performance. Findings are consistent with the conceptualization of guessing as a substantive trait-based process and underscore the utility and necessity of using person-specific guessing models to optimize inferences from test scores.