Investigation of the potential months for generating photovoltaic electricity based on solar radiation and temperature

Abstract This study aims to determine the most productive months for photovoltaic power generation based on sunlight and temperature in the central region of Hungary’s Gödöllő city. Using MATLAB software, the feasibility of solar energy systems was assessed. A case study in the central region of Hungary’s Gödöllő city provided practical insights into solar energy utilization. An experimental investigation was carried out in July 2022 using the ASW-270P photovoltaic module, measuring 0.5 m 2 . The research developed a flow chart to illustrate the operation of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, which uses the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm. The study achieved an optimal power output of 268 W with a minimal relative error of 0.003556 compared to standard values at an irradiance of 0.984 kW/m 2 and a temperature of 299 K. Specific days with high photovoltaic electricity potential were identified, including a key data point where a radiation intensity of 965 W/m 2 and a temperature of 302 K resulted in an output of 262.2 W, showing only a slight deviation from standard conditions. The analysis highlights how climatic factors such as solar radiation and temperature impact energy production and emphasizes the correlation between fill factor and power output efficiency. These findings highlight optimal sunny periods for future experimentation and provide performance advantages compared to prior studies.