The Dynamics of the Morphology and Deposit Temperature Changes and the Volume of Erupted Material of the Corresponding Member of the RAS G.S. Gorshkov Vent (Klyuchevskoy Volcano) in 2021–2024

Based on results of a field ground/unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and temperature observations in 2021–2024, the dynamics of morphology and temperature changes of a scoria cone of the Corresponding Member of the RAS G.S. Gorshkov vent (hereinafter, the G.S. Gorshkov vent), which erupted at the Klyuchevskoy volcano from February 18 to March 21, 2021, is analyzed. The morphology of the cinder cone of the vent changed within 3 years after the eruption: the diameter of the base decreased from 136.5 to 122.5 m and the crater size increased from 17 × 19 to 44 × 39 m due to collapses. The maximum cone temperatures decreased from 165.4°C in 2021 to 127.1°C in 2024. The detailed digital UAV survey-based elevation models showed that the steepness of the cinder cone slopes increased by 4°–6°, on average, from 2021 to 2024. The location of the G.S. Gorshkov vent on the large Erman glacier was responsible for the formation of failures and collapse walls up to 25-m deep in the glacier body due to intrusion of incandescent lava. Dynamic morphological changes of the cinder cone are probably also related to the subsidence of the glacier from prolonged contact with hot igneous rocks. Estimated from the Arctic DEM satellite data, the volume of erupted material of the G.S. Gorshkov vent was ~0.003 km3.