Coexistence of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and acute rheumatic fever: case report and systematic review

The simultaneous occurrence of APSGN and ARF is a rare but clinically important entity requiring a multidisciplinary approach. While the kidney prognosis is generally favorable, cardiac sequelae frequently persist and may progress. Therefore, after acute nephritic manifestations are controlled, clinical attention should shift to long-term cardiac surveillance and secondary prevention; in patients presenting with APSGN, clinicians should maintain a low threshold for echocardiography when clinical, electrocardiographic, or systemic findings raise suspicion for concurrent rheumatic carditis.