The Most Significant Factors Causing Stress among General Practitioners (GPs) in Primary Health Care Institutions in North Batinah, Oman: Face-to-Face Interviews

Abstract Background: Occupational stress is highly prevalent in the medical field, with elevated rates of burnout, depression, anxiety, and even suicide among healthcare professionals. General practitioners (GPs) in primary healthcare settings are particularly exposed to diverse clinical and administrative responsibilities, increasing their vulnerability to stress. This stress can adversely affect patient care, physician performance, and personal life, potentially resulting in clinical or medication errors. Objective: This study aimed to identify the most significant stress-inducing factors among GPs working in North Batinah, Oman, across different primary healthcare institutions. Methods: In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 GPs, including both Omani and expatriate doctors, working in coastal health centers, polyclinics, and mountain clinics. A semi-structured interview guide was used, and data were analyzed thematically using NVivo software. Results: Key stressors based on coded data included 63% of comments linked stress to high patient loads, 47% to lack of specialization, 43% to the general nature of GP duties, 37% to shift work, 30% to emergency cases, and 23% each to absence of senior support during shifts, difficult patients, and limited resources. Language and cultural barriers, as well as staff shortages, were also cited (13% each). GPs in coastal health centers reported the highest stress levels, followed by those in polyclinics and mountain clinics. Expatriate doctors experienced more stress, often related to family and relocation issues. Positive contributors to stress reduction included training, structured inductions, and supportive peer relationships. Conclusion: Occupational stress among GPs in North Batinah arises from multiple factors. Tailored institutional strategies are needed to address these issues.