Comparative Evaluation of Mucosal Adjuvants for Intranasal Immunization with a Recombinant RSV Prefusion F Protein

These findings highlight that favorable immunogenicity and protection are achieved within defined dose windows rather than at maximal doses. Among the adjuvants studied, low-to-intermediate doses of CpG-ODN, particularly 10 µg, show strong potential for intranasal mucosal immunization with recombinant RSV Pre-F protein. By systematically comparing dose-effect profiles across multiple mucosal adjuvants, this study offers comparative insights into adjuvant selection and dose selection for intranasal RSV vaccine development.