Optimized Design and Biomechanical Analysis of Novel Hollow-Porous Hip Prosthesis for Enhancing Bone–Implant Interactions

Abstract The increasing demand for total hip arthroplasty, driven by osteoarthritis in the elderly and trauma in younger patients, necessitates implants with high biocompatibility and mechanical longevity. Current metallic implants (titanium, cobalt–chromium) often lead to stress shielding due to their high stiffness compared to human cortical bone, resulting in bone resorption and aseptic loosening. In this study, a porous hip joint structure design is proposed to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the hip joint and mitigate shielding stress after surgery. The hip joint model examined in this article features an improved design, including a hollow head, a porous stem with varying hollow structures and densities, and a stem surrounded by a bone block. The finite element method (based on ansys software) is used to analyze the biomechanical behavior of the artificial hip joint and the interaction between the joint and surrounding bone during the activities of young patients, including daily activities and dynamic movements such as climbing stairs and playing sports. The results presented in this article include stress and deformation distribution on the joint components and the bone. In addition, the sliding distance and contact pressure between the joint components, between the joint and the bone, were also investigated. Wearing mechanics of the liner's surfaces when in contact with the cup and head are also examined. From the results obtained, the study has proposed several hip joint designs that ensure sufficient durability and reduce joint laxity during patient activities.