Molecular Detection of Genes Encoded for Biofilm Formation in Bacteria Isolated from the Oral Cavity of Patients

Background: A biofilm is a collection of the microbial cells attached to the surface that are encased in a matrix of extracellular polymers. Biofilm formation creates a physical and chemical barrier that prevents antibiotics from reaching bacterial cells, resulting in treatment failure and reinfection. The present study aimed to investigate the biofilm formation in bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of patients. Methods: In this study, 150 bacterial isolates were obtained from tooth and gum surface swabs of male and female patients of different ages who visited specialized centers and dental clinics in Babylon City after they were clinically diagnosed with oral (dental) infections by specialist doctors. This study examines the biofilm-forming ability of gingivitis and periodontitis oral bacterial isolates. A qualitative crystal violet correlation assay and quantitative microtiter plate examined biofilm development. The biofilm-developing genes were subsequently identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The present data revealed that the isolated bacterial isolates from the oral cavity were Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Streptococcus spp. (with Streptococcus mutants exhibiting the highest prevalence at 54%), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, all of which underwent biofilm formation assays. Biochemical and Vitek 2 identification of bacterial isolates showed that Streptococcus mutans had the greatest rate (54%). Results showed that 80% of isolates could produce biofilm, ranging from weak to moderate across species. These showed that most isolates were able to colonize and adhere to oral surfaces, which is crucial to chronic oral illnesses.