It's time to start studying the third type of Nuclear Reactions

The first type is called Fission, the second type is Fusion, and the third type is unnamed and, according to current concepts, does not exist. However, the elemental composition of the Earth's crust differs significantly from that of interstellar matter, and this difference cannot be explained by nuclear reactions of the first and second types. It remains to be assumed that the change in elemental composition occurred as a result of nuclear reactions of the third type at a temperature significantly lower than the temperature in the interiors of stars at which reactions of the second type are possible during thermonuclear fusion. Based on wave-particle duality, a theory of low-temperature nuclear reactions involving nucleon tunneling between the nuclei of two adjacent, closely packed identical atoms is presented. The theory has been experimentally confirmed by the agreement between its predictions and actual changes in the elemental composition of the Earth's crust. Optimal physical conditions for such reactions are presented. Thus, existing and planned devices based on reactions of the first and second types can gradually be abandoned and a transition can be made to devices based on reactions of the third type.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-02-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18656045
Primary Topic
Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

It's time to start studying the third type of Nuclear Reactions

Vladimir Torchigin
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
article

It's time to start studying the third type of Nuclear Reactions

Vladimir Torchigin
article en

Abstract

The first type is called Fission, the second type is Fusion, and the third type is unnamed and, according to current concepts, does not exist. However, the elemental composition of the Earth's crust differs significantly from that of interstellar matter, and this difference cannot be explained by nuclear reactions of the first and second types. It remains to be assumed that the change in elemental composition occurred as a result of nuclear reactions of the third type at a temperature significantly lower than the temperature in the interiors of stars at which reactions of the second type are possible during thermonuclear fusion. Based on wave-particle duality, a theory of low-temperature nuclear reactions involving nucleon tunneling between the nuclei of two adjacent, closely packed identical atoms is presented. The theory has been experimentally confirmed by the agreement between its predictions and actual changes in the elemental composition of the Earth's crust. Optimal physical conditions for such reactions are presented. Thus, existing and planned devices based on reactions of the first and second types can gradually be abandoned and a transition can be made to devices based on reactions of the third type.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 56%
Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
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