Translating Q methodology results into survey questions for large-scale use: a comparison of approaches

Developing Q to survey (Q2S) approaches from underlying Q methodology studies offers huge potential to design quantitative surveys in a systematic, transparent way for any topic. However, Q2S is underdeveloped despite calls for more methodological testing. This paper is the first to compare the performance of four different Q2S approaches in terms of their feasibility, validity and reliability. The four Q2S approaches were: rating statements; ranking blocks of statements; mini-Q; and rating short narratives. Encouragingly, we find that all four Q2S approaches seem to perform well, meaning flexibility is retained in how Q2S studies are designed. Further testing of these approaches and alternative ones is required. Avenues for further research, and characteristics of the underlying Q study and purpose of the Q2S study that may influence the choice of Q2S approach are discussed.