A comprehensive review on Alangium Salvifolium: a phyto-pharmacological update

For centuries, herbal drugs have been used in conventional medicine and are now gaining recognition for their therapeutic potential. Alangium salvifolium (Linn. F) Wang (A. salvifolium), widely known as Ankol, is an esteemed herbal plant in traditional medicine, historically used for conditions such as osteoarthritis, asthma, and digestive disorders, and as an antidote for snakebite. Current research increasingly affirms its therapeutic efficacy and safety. This review consolidates the existing knowledge on the effectiveness, safety, and phytoconstituents of A. salvifolium. The plant exhibits a broad pharmacological profile, demonstrating significant activity against ulcers, cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, inflammation, pain, microbial infections, and seizures. Specifically, its anti-inflammatory action has been quantified in studies, showing a notable reduction in paw edema in animal models, while its anti-ulcer activity significantly lowered the ulcer index. Its therapeutic benefits are linked to its rich phytoconstituent profile, predominantly alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. These compounds are responsible for key pharmacological activities, including anti-ulcer, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. The presence of specific phytochemicals, such as alangine and ankol-A, contributes to its use in targeted conditions. Toxicity assessments have established that a dosage range of 100–300 mg/kg is safe and required to elicit the desired pharmacological response. This review highlights the substantial therapeutic potential and safety of A. salvifolium (Ankol), emphasizing its key phytoconstituents and diverse, evidence-based pharmacological applications.