Energy‐Level‐Matched MIL‐88B/H ₂ Ti ₃ O ₇ Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics

ABSTRACT Antibiotics are extensively applied for disinfection and sterilization in medical and livestock industries; however, the discharge of antibiotic‐containing wastewater poses serious ecological risks. Although photocatalytic technology has been widely explored as a green approach for antibiotic degradation, most reported photocatalysts still suffer from limited visible‐light utilization, rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, and inefficient interfacial charge transfer, which restrict performance improvement. In this work, a series of MIL‐88B/H 2 Ti 3 O 7 heterojunction composites with different mass ratios were fabricated via a hydrothermal‐ultrasonic assembly method for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The optimized M 1 H 1 composite (1:1) achieved 94.9% TCH removal within 120 min under simulated sunlight, with an apparent pseudo‐first‐order rate constant of 0.01488 min −1 , 4.83 times that of pristine MIL‐88B. Spectroscopic characterization and electrochemical analyses indicate that the enhanced activity arises from increased surface area, active sites, and improved charge separation efficiency. More importantly, a direct Z‐scheme charge transfer pathway regulated by oxygen vacancies is identified, enabling efficient interfacial charge transfer while maintaining strong redox capability. This study demonstrates a rational strategy to overcome intrinsic limitations of MOF‐based photocatalysts and provides insights into the design of efficient titanium‐based systems for wastewater treatment.