Topological Polar Textures in van der Waals Moiré Superlattices

Advances in condensed matter physics have ignited interest in topologically protected structures, where the interplay of lattice, charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom creates exotic real‐space nanotextures, such as swirls of spin or polar order (e.g., skyrmions and merons), with exciting potential for nanoelectronics and information‐processing applications. Electrically controllable polar nanoswirls are especially promising, though until recently were mostly limited to complex transition metal perovskite oxide heterostructures and superlattices. The rise of van der Waals ferroelectrics now enables tunable, truly two‐dimensional electrically switchable polar materials, and, strikingly, polar nanotextures have been observed in van der Waals moiré superlattices. This topical article explores polarization textures in twisted van der Waals moiré materials, discussing conditions for their formation, reviewing the current state of the art, and highlighting the key challenges and opportunities in this rapidly emerging field.