Effects of Different Diets on Gut Microbiota of Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Pollen is one of the main food sources for honeybees. The honeybee gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive function and host health during long-term coevolution. While the consumption and utilization of pollen have been extensively studied, there is limited information about the effects of pollen on the gut microbiota of <i>Apis cerana</i>. In this study, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to evaluate the effects of four natural pollens (oilseed rape pollen, camellia pollen, lotus pollen and buckwheat pollen) and two pollen substitutes (Diet 1 and Diet 2) on the hindgut microbiota of newly emerged <i>A. cerana</i> worker bees, following feeding periods of 5, 10 and 15 days. The results showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are dominant in the gut microbiota of <i>A. cerana</i>. <i>A. cerana</i> workers fed with pollen diets had a higher diversity of gut microbiota than those fed with pollen substitutes. There have been significant differences in the gut microbiota structure and relative abundance of the core microbial community among <i>A. cerana</i> workers supplied with different diets. Our results confirm that gut bacterial communities of <i>A. cerana</i> can be influenced by pollen diets and may play an important role in host adaptation.