Single-modulation multi-wavelength co-phasing error detection method for large-scaled flat segmented imaging system

Flat segmented optics has emerged as a promising solution for constructing spaceborne imaging systems with apertures exceeding 10 meters, offering significant advantages in weight and volume reduction compared to traditional curved optics. However, their performance is fundamentally constrained by co-phasing errors between subapertures, where micron-level misalignments degrade imaging quality and limit system scalability beyond laboratory demonstrations. Conventional multi-wavelength co-phasing methods cannot achieve real-time error correction due to sequential scanning and computational latency, leaving systems unable to adapt to dynamic disturbances. In this paper, we propose a single-modulation multi-wavelength co-phasing scheme that synergizes spectral diversity with adaptive phase modulation, enabling joint retrieval of piston/tilt errors in one acquisition cycle. Experimental validation confirms real-time compensation with accuracy better than 10 nm over a 36 <i>µ</i>m dynamic range, suppressing residual wavefront distortion to 0.043<i>λ</i> RMS. This work bridges the gap between concept and implementation for meter-scale flat segmented telescopes and offers promising prospects for engineering applications.