Sustainable Biodegradable Biocomposites Reinforced With Natural Fibers: A Review on Processing, Properties, and Degradation

ABSTRACT The growing use of synthetic polymers has generated great amounts of plastic waste and microplastics, which harm the environment. As a sustainable alternative, this review addresses the development of sustainable biodegradable biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers (SBBC‐NFs), considering key aspects such as: (i) formulation; component selection, (ii) processing; critical variables, (iii) mechanical properties; performance evaluation, (iv) biodegradation process; validation of techniques, (v) environmental impact; circular economy and life cycle assessment (LCA). Finally, we discuss current trends, limitations, and challenges to provide a comprehensive understanding of SBBC‐NFs. Nevertheless, limited information on their biodegradation rates and durability has generated uncertainty about their industrial feasibility. Despite this, research shows that these materials maintain or improve their mechanical performance, reduce costs, and lower carbon footprint while degrading in the natural environment. This review critically examines biodegradation conditions and reveals a significant misalignment with standardized testing. Key aspects are examined, including processing methods, polymer matrices, fiber properties, and compatibilizing agents, as well as the influence of fiber concentration and modification on mechanical performance. Finally, this review presents the SBBC‐NFs as a promising alternative and emphasizes the need to integrate LCA to support their development, identifying strategic opportunities for future research.