Refractory anti–NMDA receptor encephalitis driven by a contralateral ovarian teratoma following unilateral oophorectomy: a case report

This case demonstrates that postoperative residual or contralateral ovarian teratomas can drive persistent anti-NMDAR encephalitis despite immunotherapy. Repeat imaging should be strongly considered in refractory cases, and complete tumor resection remains essential to interrupt the autoimmune process. Early multidisciplinary collaboration between gynecology, neurology, and intensive care teams is crucial to optimize neurological outcomes.