Independent and Combined Effects of Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases on the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies Involving 8,276,914 Participants

BMI-defined obesity was inversely associated with cognitive impairment, whereas central obesity was associated with an increased risk of dementia. Among CVDs, stroke showed the strongest association with incident dementia. However, the overall certainty of evidence across these findings was low, and these findings should be interpreted with caution.