Mapping and Nutrient Profiles of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods in West Africa

Commercially produced complementary foods (CPCFs) are increasingly preferred over home-prepared foods but do not always comply with international recommendations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compliance of CPCFs sold in West Africa with the World Health Organization (WHO) European Nutritional and Promotional Profile Model (NPPM). The study was conducted from August to October 2023 and covered 315 outlets in Benin, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo. CPCFs compliance with the NPPM was assessed regarding nutritional content and labeling practices based on information recorded from the labels. A total of 673 products were found, 76.1% of which were imported. Cereals (37%), savory meals (25.2%), and purées (22.7%) were the most representative categories, while finger foods/snacks and drinks were the least representative (3.9% and 2.1%, respectively). Overall, 11% of products met all nutritional composition requirements, and none met the labeling requirements. Moreover, almost half of the products exceeded the permitted percentage of energy from sugars (42.3%). Despite this, none of the products displayed a "high sugar content" warning on their labels. The high proportion of products with high sodium content (44.3%) and frequent label claims (95.9%) is also major challenges for these foods. This study also showed that 10.5% of the CPCFs are recommended for children under 6 months of age, contrary to recommendations, while only 13.2% of the products contain information to protect breastfeeding. These results confirm concerns about CPCFs and show the importance of restricting the marketing of certain CPCFs in West Africa.