Trends in suicidal behavior among adolescents in the Philippines (2011 to 2019) and associations with being bullied, alcohol use, and parental involvement

Suicide is a major global problem, causing significant concern among adolescents and emphasising the urgent demand for effective prevention strategies. Adolescent suicide is also significantly influenced by risk factors such as parental involvement, alcohol consumption, and bullying. The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of suicidal behaviour among adolescents in the Philippines from 2011 to 2019, as well as the correlation between parental involvement, bullying, alcohol, and suicidal behaviour. The study included 21359 adolescents from three cross-sectional Global School-based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) in the Philippines (2011-2019). The findings indicated that the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts has increased from 2011 to 2019, and bullying victimisation and alcohol use are mediators in the relationship between parental involvement and suicidal behaviour. The study indicated that it is essential to implement mental health education programs in schools to decrease the risks related to suicide, bullying, and alcohol use among adolescents. Concurrently, the study also highlights the role of clinical psychologists and parents in the early intervention and prevention of suicidal behaviour and risk factors for adolescents.