Comparative Analysis of Multispectral Image Classification Based on EfficientNetB0, ResNet152, DenseNet161, DenseNet121, and HSV Segmentation

This study established a classification system based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect High-High Fluctuation (HHF) patterns in multispectral data derived from pure water (H2O) and a water-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. This study combines HSV color-space-based segmentation to identify areas with the highest signal amplitude, thereby enhancing the feature extraction of the CNN model. Data augmentation techniques, including random flipping, rotation, and color jitter, along with training parameters such as a learning rate of 0.0001 and a batch size of 32, have been shown to effectively improve model generalization and reduce overfitting. Four different CNN architectures were evaluated: ResNet-152, DenseNet-161, DenseNet-121, and EfficientNet-B0. As a result, ResNet152 achieved the highest accuracy of 97.6%, attributed to its network depth and residual connections that effectively address the vanishing gradient problem. DenseNet161 and DenseNet121 also demonstrated competitive performance, achieving accuracies of 96.7% and 96.2%, respectively, which is supported by their dense connectivity that optimizes feature reuse. Conversely, EfficientNetB0, despite showing lower accuracy (90%), provides significant computational efficiency, making it suitable for real-time applications. These results underscore the importance of selecting a CNN architecture that balances accuracy and efficiency for multispectral data classification.