Comparison of intra-ovarian metabolic environment between women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization

Testosterone and lipids concentrations are higher in the follicular fluid of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In addition, lipid metabolism seems to be dysfunctional in women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome. Abstract Evidence suggests that lipotoxicity can cause hyperandrogenesis, but little is known about the intra-ovarian environment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and whether it displays features associated with lipotoxicity. The objective of this secondary analysis was to compare follicular fluid concentrations of testosterone, markers of lipid, lipid metabolism, and inflammation between women with PCOS and without PCOS. We conducted a controlled cross-sectional study on 80 participants. Medical records were used to determine PCOS diagnosis: 15 women were identified as having PCOS, while 65 had a negative diagnosis. Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 40 years old with a body mass index raging between 18 and 40 kg/m2. Follicular fluid was analysed for total testosterone, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides, NEFA metabolites (acylcarnitines and C16/C13 ratio), and inflammatory cytokines. Compared to women without PCOS, women with PCOS had increased follicular fluid levels of testosterone (7.08 nM versus 0.29 nM), triglycerides (0.30 nM versus 0.17 nM), palmitoylcarnitine (43.7 nM versus 28.4 nM), and interleukin (IL)-6 (13.04 pg/ml versus 8.9 pg/ml), while tumor necrosis factor alpha remained similar. These differences remained statistically different after adjustment for body mass index, except for IL-6. These group differences were also confirmed in paired analyses of 13 body mass index-matched pairs of PCOS versus non-PCOS women, with the exception of IL-6. In conclusion, intra-ovarian inflammation, but more importantly, lipid overexposure, may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS, probably through lipotoxic effects.