Early Childhood Anxiety and Maternal Factors: Associations with State and Trait Anxiety in a Greek Cohort of Preschoolers

Maternal psychological distress was modestly associated with preschool children's state and trait anxiety, exhibiting differential patterns across anxiety dimensions. These findings should be interpreted as correlational, with unmeasured contributors such as paternal mental health, family functioning, genetics, and school/peer influences likely playing important roles. Early screening and interventions addressing maternal mental health may support children's emotional well-being, but further multi-informant and longitudinal research is needed to clarify temporal and causal pathways.