Embryologic and Developmental Origins of Gastroschisis: A Scoping Review of Historical and Contemporary Theories

Gastroschisis is best understood as a spectrum of periumbilical developmental disturbances arising from interacting mesodermal, vascular, and biomechanical factors. An integrated embryologic framework improves interpretation of dynamic prenatal imaging findings, supports refined risk stratification and counseling, and provides a biologic foundation for future translational research.