A cross-sectional survey of myopia prevalence and its influencing factors among school children and adolescents under the double reduction policy

To investigate the influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents aged 9–14 years under the “double reduction” policy, and to provide a reference for formulating targeted prevention and control measures, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Using random cluster sampling, 1,584 students aged 9–14 years were selected from 6 schools in Xihu District, Hangzhou. All participants underwent visual acuity examinations and completed a questionnaire. Binary multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors associated with myopia. The overall prevalence rate of myopia was 64.20%. Multivariate analysis revealed that the following factors were associated with a higher risk of myopia: older age, parental myopia (one or both parents), drinking sugared beverages, increased homework time, and daily screen time of ≥ 2 h. Conversely, the following factors were correlated with a lower risk: being a boy, using both table lights and ceiling lights for nighttime study, having recess activities outside, always keeping a reading distance of one foot, and longer outdoor exposure time. Based on the results, myopia issues need to be taken seriously, and it is suggested that individuals, families, schools, and hospitals should take joint actions, cooperate with each other, establish a long-term mechanism for myopia prevention and control.