Teachers’ perceptions of organizational dissent management in schools: Scale development and psychometric evaluation

This study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate a scale measuring teachers’ perceptions of organizational dissent management in schools. The item pool created as a result of a literature review conducted by researchers was subjected to expert evaluation for content validity. The research was carried out using a correlational research design. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two independent samples (n = 271; n = 223). The exploratory factor analysis supported a two-factor model consisting of 13 items, namely supportive management and suppressive management, which accounted for 59.55% of the total variance. CFA supported the two-factor structure of the organizational dissent management scale, consisting of 12 items—7 items in the suppressive management dimension and 5 items in the supportive management dimension—with excellent model fit indices. Additionally, measurement invariance across gender was examined. The changes in CFI values for the configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance models (ΔCFI < .010) indicated that the scale functioned equivalently for male and female participants. The Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis based on ordinal logistic regression indicated that only two items exhibited uniform DIF with low effect sizes, while all other items functioned equivalently across gender groups, indicating that the scale generally meets measurement invariance. Furthermore, reliability analyses demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s values ranging from .90 to .93 and Composite Reliability values between .87 and .93 for the sub-dimensions. These findings provide strong evidence for the validity, reliability, and fairness of the organizational dissent management scale.