Microalgae: A Potential Reservoir for Energy Generation and Health Rewards, and An Effective Source of Carbon Capture

Abstract: Microalgae offer attractive opportunities as a multipurpose resource for biofuel and as a source of human nutrition. This review focuses on a synthesis of basic underlying principles and recent automated applications related to microalgae-derived energy carriers, and, more specifically, on the assessment of methodologies used in conversion processes. We go into an indepth study of cultivation methods, biosynthetic pathways for lipid production, and the application of alternative biofuel production mechanisms, as well as emerging state-of-the-art technological advances useful for improved calorific value production. It further underlines the importance of nutraceuticals derived from microalgal extracts, such as antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and proteins, which exhibit potential health benefits. In addition, the environmental merits of microalgae energy production are outlined in the study, including carbon utilisation and wastewater treatment applications. The assessment is used to assess commercial feasibility, identify prevailing challenges, and identify opportunities for the development of microalgal bioenergy and nutraceutical technologies. Fast-growing economies like India, with rising energy demands and a population of 144 crores, have a lot to gain from sustainable, scalable energy solutions provided by microalgae. By addressing common concerns and emphasizing the benefits of the technology, this paper aims to influence public perception and foster greater social acceptance. Ultimately, this review aims to enhance adopters' understanding and engagement with modern trends in the study of microalgae to accelerate progress in the field of bioremediation and related bio-based technologies.